The late diagnosis presents a major obstacle in the treatment of ovarian cancer leading to the steep decline in the survival rate from 89% within 5 years in stage I cancers to 41% in advanced stages. The majority (75%) of women are diagnosed at the stage III of ovarian cancer when metastatic disease already spread to the peritoneal cavity indicating a poorer prognosis. Late diagnosis and a high relapse after first line of therapy usually cause high mortality of patients with ovarian cancer. Globally, 313,959 new cases have been diagnosed and 207,252 women have died from ovarian cancer in 2020. It is estimated that that around 20,000 women will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer in the US and more than 12,000 deaths from ovarian cancer are expected. Approximately 2.7% women have a high chance of developing ovarian cancer during their life when all protective measures are absent. However, recent data show that morphologically ovarian tumors usually represent heterogeneous neoplasms with differing molecular fingerprints and clinical pathological features and shows little phenotypic similarity with ovarian cell. ![]() ![]() It was previously believed that ovarian cancer can be initiated only within the ovary. ![]() Ovarian cancer ranks fifth in the cancer deaths of women and is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancers in developed countries.
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